The Five Chinese Elements: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is rooted in over 8,000-year-old wisdom in the East. One of the main underpinnings of TCM is the five elements, which make up our human constitution. These elements (wood, metal, earth, fire, and water) are related to virtually all aspects of life both inside and outside our bodies. They are each connected with specific emotions, internal organs, seasons, flavors, and more. Understanding the elements can help you tailor your habits, diet, and environment to promote health and vitality.
This article has been medically reviewed by Dr. Charles Penick, MD
What is Traditional Chinese Medicine?
Traditional Chinese Medicine is a branch of medicine that originates in China and is over 8,000 years old. 1 This ancient healing modality has various all-natural treatment forms that include herbal medicine, acupuncture, moxibustion, gua sha, massage, cupping therapy, qigong, tai chi, and dietary therapy. In China, this modality of treatment is fully standardized and makes up for up to 20% of the healthcare system. 2
When it comes to TCM, the body and mind are interconnected. All of our internal ‘parts’ (like our organs) and their functioning are directly related to our mental and emotional wellbeing. 3
When it comes to TCM, everything that is happening in your life is meaningful. This includes every life event, every challenge, every emotion, every fear, and every craving that you’ve ever experienced is connected—connected to your health, to your state of mental and physical well-being.
This concept differs wildly from the Western school of allopathic (traditional western) medicine, which treats organs more like machines that need ‘fixing’ independent of one another. For example, in the West, podiatrists specialize in feet and ankles, cardiologists for the heart, or neurologists who specialize in the brain. When it comes to TCM, one practitioner treats the whole person, and this treatment is rooted in re-establishing balance in the body so that the body can heal itself. 3
What Are the 5 Chinese Elements?
The five elements are wood, fire, earth, metal, and water. Each element is related to an array of aspects in one’s life, including a season, an emotion, bodily organs/ tissues, a sense, and a flavor. When operating in balance, each element has an aspect in which it thrives, and in such, there are also clear signs when the specific element is out of balance. 4
By exploring each element, you will get a better sense of how they are connected (each flowing into the next). We will also explore how this understanding of the elements can help you achieve a greater sense of health, wellbeing, and overall balance.
How Can I Integrate the 5 Chinese Elements in my Life?
First off, we will explore each element’s central tenets, so you can see how it operates inside and outside the body. Straight away, you may be able to connect with one element, which would make up a more significant part of your ‘constitution.’
In Chinese Medicine, everyone is born with a constitution or an energetic expression. Although every person is a combination of all five elements, some are more dominant than others.
Knowing your constitution enables you to tend to your body like a garden, realizing that it makes you more susceptible to certain things than others. For example, someone with a dominant Wood constitution may experience anger more quickly when out of balance; they need to make a particular effort to implement flow and movement into their life. They would be more likely to develop illnesses related to liver or gallbladder, problems with sight, or tendons and ligaments. 4, 5
This guide is not black and white, and there are many nuances in the elements, constitution, and Traditional Chinese medicine. That being said, the following information can help you get a better basic grasp of the concept and start to see where you may need to support your body and mind. 6, 7
At its core, that’s what TCM is all about: balance. Balance of the physical body and the mind.
Wood Element 6, 7
Season: spring
Emotion: anger / calm
Organs: liver, gallbladder
Tissues: tendons, ligaments
Sense Organ: sight
Flavor: sour
Thrives through: flow, growth, movement
The wood element is what drives us to move forward in life with clarity and ease. Someone with a dominant wood constitution is a born leader with a clear vision of where they are going. When wood is in balance, this constitution enjoys adventure, is calm, flexible, and has good judgment.
A Wood Element Out of Balance
When a wood-dominant constitution is out of balance, it will show up as stiff, painful movement in the body. A wood imbalance’s common emotional symptoms include anger, irritability, impatience, arrogance, frustration, rudeness, and wanderlust. Physical symptoms of a wood imbalance include movement issues, allergies, headaches, spasms, cramps, or tics.
How to Support Wood Element Balance
Wood-dominant individuals do not do very well while staying stagnant for long periods. If sitting at a desk for a whole workday, wood elements are likely to find disharmony. Opting for regular movement throughout the day (or a job where this is built-in) is critical.
With the liver at the forefront of this element, avoiding toxins is extremely important. Avoiding environmental and chemical toxins and mold, vegetable oils, drugs, and too much caffeine and alcohol are key.
; Supplement-wise, the Wood Tonify helps support the liver and blood. The liver stores the blood, cleanses the blood and regulates blood volume in the circulatory system. There is also the element of numbness associated with the method that blood supports the nerves. This formula has overtones of pericardium support, so it has a “mother “ relationship with the Fire element that governs the heart.
Emotionally this product may assist with building inner confidence. The person needing this formula may (when insecure) move from a state of arrogance to one of pretension and may also become erratic or tyrannical.
Fire Element 6, 7
Season: summer
Emotion: joy/ sadness
Organs: heart, pericardium, small intestine, circulation
Tissues: blood, sexual fluids
Sense Organ: taste
Flavor: bitter
Thrives through: sharing love, warmth, and intimacy
The fire element is dominated by our relationship with ourselves and with other people. When in balance, this element thrives on sharing intimacy, warmth, and love. In equilibrium, this element is naturally joyful and feels a sense of oneness with all beings on the planet, and enjoys laughter and immense creative flow.
A Fire Element Out of Balance
When out of balance, a fire-dominant element person can experience an extreme sense of loneliness and anxiety. They may experience physical symptoms, including excessive or complete lack of laughter and excessively rapid speech or stuttering. Emotionally, they may feel dullness, anxiety, mental illness, as well as nightmares.
How to Support Fire Element Balance
To balance the heart, all other aspects of one’s system must be in balance. Therefore fire-dominant elements will thrive by addressing lifestyle factors like diet, exercise, and a genuine overhaul of things that induce stress (physical, emotional, and chemical).
Supplement-wise, Fire Tonify supports and strengthens the health of the heart and blood circulation.This formula is also called “Support the Heart” because the Fire element in Chinese medicine is associated with the heart. In addition to the heart, Fire Tonify supports the small intestine.
When a person experiences back-up energy and lack of joy in the heart, this formula can be beneficial. Emotionally, this formula helps people who are shy about communicating their needs.
Earth Element 6, 7
Season: late summer
Emotion: worry/clarity and calm
Organs: spleen, stomach, pancreas
Tissues: muscles, fat
Sense Organ: touch
Flavor: sweet
Thrives through: nurture
The earth element is all about nurturing oneself and other people. In balance, an earth-dominant part will be a deep carer for others and enjoy things like cooking for, helping, and listening to others. In equilibrium, an earth element will feel incredibly supported and nurtured by life, and in turn, with overflow with nurturing for others. They have family and friends at the center of their lives.
An Earth Element Out of Balance
Out of balance, an earth-dominant element is likely to engage in compulsive behaviors and experience fatigue, weight problems, and digestive issues. They will worry, even obsess over situations.
How to Support Earth Element Balance
For an earth-dominant element person, supporting digestion and a proper diet are very important. They should opt for unprocessed foods, consuming mostly cooked foods, and consuming balanced meals (with enough protein) and vegetables. Avoid highly refined foods, vegetable oils, or foods with preservatives. Fresh is best for earth elements.
Engaging in nurturing activities is also essential, which could be anything from long baths to gentle walks, gardening, or dancing. Having a comfortable, relaxing, and harmonious household will also promote balance. Reduce stress through mindfulness-based activities like Qi Gong, yoga, Tai Chi, or meditation.
Supplement-wise, Earth Tonify strengthens the health of the spleen, kidneys, and digestive system. It also helps with sugar cravings. The earth element is involved with the transformation of foods into the body. This also applies to taking thoughts and transforming them into something tangible.
Metal Element 6, 7
Season: autumn
Emotion: grief/ courage
Organs: lungs, large intestine
Tissues: skin
Sense Organ: smell
Flavor: pungent
Thrives through: consolidation
The metal element is all about self-discipline, consolidation, and boundaries. When in balance, someone with a metal-dominant element will be organized, systematic, and generally successful. They are great problem solvers, have excellent attention to detail, are bold and courageous.
A Metal Element Out of Balance
When out of balance, a metal element experiences grief and tends to carry past grief or trauma experiences into their present life and relationships. They will feel a sense of clutteredness in their life and can feel overwhelmed and overburdened with responsibility. Physical ailments will show up as lung and skin issues like eczema or breathing issues like asthma and allergies. When out of balance, a metal dominant person tends to slip into a victim mentality and a sense of unrelenting sadness and stress.
How to Support Metal Element Balance
Metal-dominant people need structure and organization, but they tend to over-schedule and over-work due to their intense drive. Supporting a metal-dominant personality requires balancing out the scheduling with productivity over long-restless work. “Work smarter, not harder” is a concept that can help these people find balance.
Metal-dominant individuals need to schedule a time for absolute relaxation. Not the kind of multi-tasking “breaks, but rather a deep, restorative kind of relaxation. Mindfulness practices like yoga and meditation are great for metal types.
Supplement wise, Metal Tonify is helpful for lung, throat, spleen, and large intestine health. It helps support the susceptible, sensitive person, even those that appear to be strong and thick that may have a weak and thin characteristic or organ function. Lack of lung health causes the entire body to become deficient and weak. Common signs are upper respiratory issues and some common allergies. This formula is also helpful for the person who is petty, complaining, resigned, hypocritical, and numb.
Water Element 6, 7
Season: winter
Emotion: fear/ flow and calm
Organs: kidneys, bladder, adrenal glands
Tissues: Bones
Sense organ: hearing
Flavor: salty
Color – Blue, dark blue, black, purple
The water element is a foundational element in TCM, which underlies the vitality of all from birth to death. Like a river that carves through the rock bed in a valley, water goes with the flow and has a strong will and strength. When in balance, water types are quiet, introverted, and thrive on solitude and tranquility. They generally appear wise beyond their years. They are self-sufficient and can be alone without feeling lonely.
A Water Element Out of Balance
A water-dominant person will experience fear, paranoia, timidness, and insecurity, and indecisiveness when out of balance. They will begin to feel lonely, which they generally don’t experience when in balance and alone. Physically, they will develop dark circles under their eyes, be prone to urinary tract infections and water-based imbalances like edema (swelling).
How to Support Water Element Balance
Water types need to consume lots of water, avoiding chemically treated water favoring pure spring water or properly filtered water. They need to make an effort to find a balance of socializing instead of completely isolating themselves (although they do naturally feel happy alone).
Fear is a red flag that a water-dominant element person is out of balance, so they can make an effort to overcome shyness to help re-instate balance. Water types do better with a warm diet (avoid frozen or cold foods) and benefit greatly from consuming seafood, like kelp, and enough salt, meat, and bone broths.
Supplement wise, the Water Tonify supports the health of bones, kidneys, spleen, digestive system, and connective tissues. The bone matrix is an aspect of the Water element, thus this product can help promote healthy bones. This formula helps the body to use its resources to stay healthy, promote healthy and thick hair and smooth skin, and maintain normal sex functions for men and women.
Emotionally, this formula supports the deep well of conserved energy reserves required to carry a person through life.
Summary
Understanding the five Chinese elements of wood, fire, earth, metal, and water can provide immense benefits in helping you achieve balance and health in your life. You can help achieve higher states of health by integrating basic concepts like supporting the associated organs and emotions and considering an element-supporting supplement for your dominant constitution.
Medical Disclaimer: This article is based upon the opinions of Dr. Daniel Pompa. The information on this website is not intended to replace a one-on-one relationship with a qualified health care professional and is not intended as medical advice. It is intended as a sharing of knowledge and information from the research and experience of Dr. Pompa and his associates. This article has been medically reviewed by Dr. Charles Penick, MD for accuracy of the information provided, but Dr. Pompa encourages you to make your own health care decisions based upon your research and in partnership with a qualified health care professional.
References
1 Wang, Zhenguo, et al. History, and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Beijing, 1999.
2 Tang, Jin-Ling, et al. “Traditional Chinese Medicine.” The Lancet, vol. 372, no. 9654, 2008, pp. 1938–1940., doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)61354-9.
3 Men, Jiuzhang, and Lei Guo. A General Introduction to Traditional Chinese Medicine. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2010.
4 Pachuta, Donald M. “Chinese Medicine: The Law of Five Elements.” India International Centre Quarterly, vol. 18, no. 2/3, 1991, pp. 41–68. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/23002364. Accessed 28 Feb. 2021.
5 Liao, Weilong, et al. “The Brief Theory of Viscus and Its Manifestations in Traditional Chinese Medicine.” Integrative Medicine International, vol. 4, no. 1-2, 2017, pp. 13–18., doi:10.1159/000455853.
6 Kirkwood, John. The Way of the Five Elements: 52 Weeks of Powerful Acupoints for Physical, Emotional, and Spiritual Health. Singing Dragon, 2018.
7 Maciocia, Giovanni. The Foundations of Chinese Medicine. Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, 2005.
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